Math and the Gender Divide: When Girls Begin Falling Behind

Analysis of almost three million children captures when ‘mathematical gender gap’ first emerges and could help focus efforts to stop girls from falling behind.

The moment a girl steps into a classroom should be the moment she begins to shine—not fall behind. Bridging the gender gap in math starts with early, empowering support.
Photo by ThisisEngineering on Unsplash

Closing the Math Gap: How Early Support Can Empower Every Girl

A groundbreaking study of nearly three million children in France has uncovered something both surprising and hopeful: girls don’t start out behind in math—they fall behind during their very first year of school. At the start, boys and girls perform equally well. But by year’s end, a gap appears. The good news? That means it’s not ability that holds girls back—it’s something we can change.

This isn’t a story of limits. It’s a call to action. The study suggests that early classroom environments, subtle expectations, and even math anxiety may play roles in shaping girls’ confidence. And that’s where real change begins.

If we provide young girls with equal encouragement, hands-on problem-solving experiences, and teachers trained to support every learner, the gap can close—before it ever opens. Schools that foster curiosity over competition, and joy over pressure, are key to unlocking every child’s full potential.

Girls are brilliant at math. They just need the space to shine. With intentional support in that first school year, we can build classrooms where every child thrives—equally.

The future is bright, and full of possibilities. Let’s help all our children count on themselves—and their potential.

Main article published in: Nature (https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-025-01831-4)
Authored by: Arya Bandyopadhyay
Main article authored by: Celeste Biever

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